A two-layer control architecture for frequency regulation in power systems with high inverter-based generation is proposed. The primary layer uses optimized droop and Virtual Synchronous Machine control, while the secondary layer uses Model Predictive Control (MPC) integrated into existing grid control structures with constraint awareness. A reduced-order Kalman-Bucy observer estimates state and disturbances from measurable outputs.
The work is relevant for managing power systems with increasing renewable penetration, where fast and coordinated frequency regulation under constraints is required.
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