Calibrating persona-based digital twin simulation against real data

Consolidating dispersed DSO data into a digital twin of the distribution grid

Integrating ML and uncertainty quantification for real-time decisions in digital twins

A narrative review examines how predictive modeling, machine learning, uncertainty quantification and decision-making are combined in engineering digital twins. It surveys decision architectures and methods addressing their limits across the decision loop, with attention to maintaining them during online operation.

Semantic interoperability in federated digital twins: a systematic review