Control Architecture for Fast Frequency Regulation with High Inverter-Based Resource Penetration
A two-layer control architecture for frequency regulation in power systems with high inverter-based generation is proposed. The primary layer uses optimized droop and Virtual Synchronous Machine control, while the secondary layer uses Model Predictive Control (MPC) integrated into existing grid control structures with constraint awareness. A reduced-order Kalman-Bucy observer estimates state and disturbances from measurable outputs.